MP4's universal dominance comes from its adoption as the default format by Apple (iPhone), Google (Android), YouTube, and every major social media platform simultaneously. By 2010 it had already displaced older formats like AVI and WMV for most consumer uses.
The key reasons for its ubiquity: it stores H.264 video efficiently, uses AAC audio (equally universal), and the container spec is an open ISO standard — so any manufacturer can implement support for free.