MOV is the container format of Apple's QuickTime media framework. It was introduced in 1991 alongside the first version of QuickTime Player. Like MP4 (which was partly derived from MOV), a .mov file can contain H.264, H.265, ProRes, or many other video codecs alongside AAC, PCM, or AC3 audio.
The key distinction is that MOV is optimised for Apple's software stack — it integrates natively with macOS, iOS, iCloud, Final Cut Pro, Motion, and Compressor.